The emergence of artificial intelligence in the art world has brought forth a new way to determine the authenticity of artwork, but experts remain skeptical of the results. Switzerland-based AI company Art Recognition has successfully evaluated over 500 pieces, including a notable 1889 self-portrait by Vincent van Gogh. Using an AI system, Art Recognition offers an objective assessment of authenticity. However, the company faced controversy over the de Brécy Tondo painting, with Art Recognition deeming it 85% likely to not be an authentic Raphael work despite conflicting results from other AI software. This discrepancy has raised concerns as authentication by a well-known artist can greatly impact the value of an artwork.

While AI can excel at pattern recognition, it still requires human judgement and context to authenticate artwork accurately. Some in the art industry argue that AI may reduce the margin of error in identifying authentic masterpieces, but it cannot replace hands-on human experience. Factors such as varnish, wear, and damage pose challenges for AI's evaluation process. Despite these limitations, AI can be viewed as a useful tool for authentication alongside other techniques like spectroscopy and dating. Ultimately, the quality of the data input into AI systems is crucial for accurate attributions.