Artificial intelligence (AI) is fundamentally altering our daily lives and interactions, using tools like chatbots and image generators. However, this transformation brings up critical concerns: who controls the technology behind AI, and how can we ensure equitable access and contributions from diverse stakeholders beyond just major tech companies? To address these vital issues, Mozilla commissioned two research studies: “External Researcher Access to Closed Foundation Models” from data rights agency AWO, and “Stopping Big Tech From Becoming Big AI” from the Open Markets Institute. These reports analyze the dynamics of AI development, control, and the necessary changes for a more equitable AI environment. **Importance of Researcher Access** The first report emphasizes that independent researchers face significant barriers in accessing AI models, predominantly controlled by major firms like OpenAI and Google. Key issues highlighted include: - **Limited Access**: Major companies selectively grant access based on alignment with their goals, isolating public-interest research. - **High Costs**: Even when access is possible, the associated costs often exceed the budgets of smaller teams. - **Transparency Issues**: Companies rarely disclose how their models are updated, hindering research reproducibility and understanding. - **Legal Risks**: Researchers might encounter legal threats when uncovering flaws in AI systems. The report advocates for more affordable, transparent access for researchers and legal protections when they act in the public interest. **AI Competition and Big Tech's Impact** The second report explores the competitive landscape, noting that tech giants like Microsoft and Google are consolidating control over essential resources like data and computing power, stifling competition from smaller entities.

Key points include: - **Market Concentration**: A few companies dominate critical inputs and distribution channels for AI development. - **Anticompetitive Practices**: Big Tech often acquires smaller startups or engages in exclusive partnerships, limiting competition. - **Gatekeeper Influence**: Control over infrastructure allows these firms to impose unfavorable terms on smaller competitors. The research calls for government intervention to ensure a competitive landscape where smaller firms can innovate and compete effectively against larger corporations. **Conclusion** AI has the potential to greatly benefit society, but it must be developed in an equitable, transparent manner. Mozilla advocates for a diverse ecosystem that supports public-interest research and competition, ensuring that AI advancements benefit everyone rather than just a few powerful companies. The findings stress the urgency for reform to improve access to foundational models and curtail the concentration of power in the AI sector, thus fostering a more just AI future. These research initiatives are crucial for advancing this vision.