Peter Thiel si dhab u saameeyay xirfada Sam Altman. Ka dib markii Altman uu iibiyey bilowgiisii ganacsi ee ugu horreeyay sannadkii 2012, Thiel ayaa maalgeliyey first venture fund-kiisa, Hydrazine Capital, isaga oo aqoonsaday Altman inuu yahay qofka ka tirsan jiilka millennial-ka ee rajo leh iyo calaamad ka mid ah ruuxa Silicon Valley. Sannad kasta, Altman ayaa soo jeedin jiray shirkado rajo leh oo ka soo baxay Y Combinator—sida Airbnb (2012), Stripe (2013), iyo Zenefits (2014)—si Thiel uu u maalgeliyo. In kasta oo uu ka digtoonaaday wareegyada buuqa badan, maalgashiyadii Thiel ee ka dambeeyay talooyinka Altman ayaa keenay wax-soo-saallo muhiim ah. Thiel sidoo kale wuxuu si madaxbannaan u dhaliili jiray horumarka tignoolajiyada, isagoo si caan ah u sheegay sannadkii 2012, “Xusuuso gaaritaanka bagaashka duulimaadyada. Waxaan wali ku suganahay taraafik. ” Markii Altman uu qabtay maamulka Y Combinator sanaddii 2014, wuxuu qaadatay dhaliilihii Thiel isagoo ku jihaynaya YC inay maalgashato mashaariictiisa “tignoolajiyada adag” oo hal-abuur leh sida tamarta nuclear, diyaaradaha gantaal-tarada sare leh, iyo sirdoonka macmalka ah (AI). Wakhti ka dib, Altman wuxuu si xoojiya u qaadanayay dariiqa Thiel. Isla waqtigaas, qof kale oo saameyn weyn ku leh maalgashiyada AI ee hore waxaa ahaa Eliezer Yudkowsky, oo ah isbeddel-yaqaan iskiis u bartay AI iyo “singularity”—qodobka fikradda ah in mashiinada ay ka hortagaan maskaxda bini’aadamka, taas oo horseedaysa koritaan xad-dhaaf ah oo tiknoolaji. In kasta oo hadda loo arko saadaaliye xumaannimada AI, Yudkowsky ayaa markii hore ahaa qofka rajo leh oo aragti fog leh, kaas oo muhiim u ahaa isku xidhka maalgashadayaasha, cilmi-baarayaasha, iyo fikirayaashaba ku saabsan himilada singularity. Fikradda Yudkowsky waxaa saamaysay sawir-gacmeedyada Science Fiction-ka ee ku saabsan maskaxda mustaqbalka, kuwa ay dhiirigeliso fikirayaasha sida Vernor Vinge iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada falsafadeed sida Extropianism—nidaam diidmada cilmiga, oo rajo badan leh oo aaminsan in ballaarinta aan xad lahayn iyo is-beddelka nafta lagu dagaallamo aayaamaha guud eeEntropy-ga. Extropians-ka waxaa ka mid ahaa dad caan ah sida Marvin Minsky, Ray Kurzweil, Nick Bostrom, iyo kuwa kale oo dambe saameyn weyn ku yeeshay wada-hadalka AI iyo aragtida mustaqbalka. Markuu jiray 17 sano, Yudkowsky wuxuu aasaasay Hay’adda Singularity ee AI, isagoo xooga saaray in la dedejiyo singularity. Muddo ka dib, waxaa uu guuriyay diiraddiisa oo uu xoogga saaray khataraha ay AI keeni karto, isagoo hormuud u ahaa fikradda “AI-saaxiibtinimo” oo waafaqsan qiimaha aadamiga. Wuxuu sameeyay hab-dhaqan la yiraahdo “rationalism, ” oo muujinaya muhiimada sababta, jir-dilnimada, utilitarianism-ka, iyo transhumanism-ka sida qiyamka hagaya. Qoraalkiis 2004 ee “Coherent Extrapolated Volition” wuxuu ku dooday inay tahay in AI loo qaato mid fulinaysa wax ay banii’aadamku rabaan haddii ay si wanaagsan u fahmaan, isagoo in xaalada AI aan la waafaqsaneyn ka digay inay si khaldan u raacdo hadafyo gaar ah—sida xaaladda caanka ah ee “paperclip maximizer. ” Sanadkii 2005, kulan casho Foresight Institute ah, Yudkowsky wuxuu la kulmay Thiel, kaas oo ku riyaaqay aqoonteeda iyo fahamkeeda, taas oo keentay Thiel inuu maalgeliyo hay’addiisa laga bilaabo isla sanadkaas.

Iyaga oo wadajir ah oo la kaashanaya fikirka mustaqbalka Ray Kurzweil, waxay sameeyeen Madaxda Singularity, oo ah xarun cilmi-baaris ku tartanta AI, mustaqbalka, iyo transhumanism-ka, oo casriyay Gaarka ah sida Nick Bostrom, Robin Hanson, iyo Aubrey de Grey. Shabakaddani waxay sidoo kale dhiirrigelisay dadaallada samafalka ku wajahan khatarta AI ee halista ah, oo ay maalgelin ka heleen Jaan Tallinn iyo Max Tegmark oo aasaasayaashoodu ahaa. Sanadkii 2010, Madaxda Singularity, Yudkowsky wuxuu soo bandhigay Shane Legg iyo Demis Hassabis—oo ah aasaasayaal mustaqbalka DeepMind—kuwaas oo leh aragti aan caadi ahayn oo ku saabsan dhisidda AI guud oo weyn (AGI), oo ku dayda maskaxda bini’aadamka. Iyaga oo fahamsan in maalgelinta warshaddu ay muhiim tahay, waxay raadsadeen Thiel kulanka. Kadib kulan iyo soo bandhigidyo badan, Thiel wuxuu maalgashaday $2. 25 milyan oo doolar oo uu ku sameeyay shirkaddooda DeepMind, isagoo rajeynaya inuu abuuro AGI inkasta oo cabsi laga qabay khatarta jirta ee jirta. Shabakadda Thiel ayaa xiriir la sameysay DeepMind iyo Elon Musk, oo ah jago-yahan PayPal ah oo kale, kaas oo noqday maalgaliye kadib wada-hadal qoto dheer oo ku saabsanaa aragtidooda iska soo horjeeda: sii wadida Mars-ka ee Musk iyo khataraha AI. DeepMind ayaa wax ka qabatay horumar la taaban karo oo AI ah iyagoo gaaray heerka ciyaarta Atari ee Breakout, taas oo keentay in Google ay iibsato DeepMind sanadkii 2014 qiyaastii $650 milyan. Thiel ayaa si dhaw ula socday horumarka DeepMind iyo wadahadalladii AI ee Altman. Wuxuu ku dhiirrigeliyay Altman inuu qoraallo ka qoro muhiimadda AI iyo rajo leh in kastoo loo shakinayay. Sanadkii 2015, Altman iyo Musk waxay aasaaseen OpenAI si ay u tetelaha Google DeepMind, taas oo bilaawday tartanka horumarinta AGI. Yudkowsky, inkasta oo aan si toos ah ugu lug lahayn OpenAI, wuxuu si weyn uga saameeyay dhaqanka shirkadda isagoo qoraaladiisa blogga LessWrong, oo si weyn loo akhriyo, saameyn ku yeeshay injineernada OpenAI. Fikiradiisa ku salaysan rationalism iyo Effective Altruism ayaa dhiirrigeliyay diiradda uu bulshada siiyo amniga AI iyo khataraha jiritaanka ah. Kadib markii OpenAI soo saartay ChatGPT sannadkii 2022 oo keentay in caalamka oo dhan laaksado AI, Yudkowsky ayaa halisyo waaweyn ka digay, isagoo ku qornaa Time in mowjadda AI ay dishayso qof kasta oo Dhulka yaalla haddii aan la xakamayn. Thiel ayaa arkay istiraatiijiyadda Yudkowsky oo ka sii dareysa cabsi-xumadii, isaga oo ugu yeeray “extremely black-pilled and Luddite, ” isagoo u sheegay Altman in Yudkowsky uu saameyn ku yeeshay hoggaanka OpenAI. Thiel ayaa dareemay dambiyada, isagoo qiraya in taageerkiisi hore ee Yudkowsky si khaldan uu uga qayb qaatay abuuritaanka welwelka AI ee ugu dambeyntii keentay in Altman si ku meel gaar ah loo eryo CEO-ga OpenAI ee sanadka 2023. Guud ahaan, sheekadan oo laga soo qaatay buugga Keach Hagey ee soo socota ee *The Optimist: Sam Altman, OpenAI, and the Race to Invent the Future, * waxay raadineysaa waddooyinka is-weydaarsan ee Thiel, Altman, iyo Yudkowsky ee horumarinta AI—laga bilaabo bilowyo rajo leh ilaa tartan khatar badan oo saameyn weyn ku leh adduunka.