The U. S. construction industry is a major contributor to pollution and energy consumption globally. As cheaper, less durable materials have become the norm, construction waste surged to 600 million tons by 2018, marking a 300% increase since 1990. This rapid development has also heightened greenhouse gas emissions, reaching record levels in 2023. Efforts to promote waste reduction, remodel, and implement energy-efficient designs often collide with deadlines, budgets, and shifting priorities. However, advancements in digital technology—from machine learning to blockchain—hold potential for enhancing sustainability in the industry. A study from Drexel’s College of Engineering examined the application of these technologies in minimizing waste and carbon footprints in construction, revealing both challenges and opportunities for integration. The circular economy, a central theme in the study, offers a sustainable alternative to the traditional linear "take-make-waste" model by emphasizing the reuse, repair, and recycling of materials. This approach not only benefits the environment but addresses social justice issues linked to resource extraction in developing countries. By extending the lifespan of materials through urban mining and local reuse, the circular economy can enhance resilience against supply chain disruptions while creating new jobs. Over the years, the construction industry has become more wasteful by prioritizing fast construction with cheap materials, leading to increased waste and resource usage.

Many modern buildings rely on energy-intensive artificial systems rather than adopting passive design techniques that leverage natural resources. The shift towards disposable structures has intensified pressure on natural resources and increased economic risks. Digital innovations like material passports—a digital record detailing a material’s properties and reuse potential—can facilitate the tracking and recovery of construction materials, thereby encouraging sustainable practices. Combining these tools with Building Information Modeling (BIM) could help foster a marketplace for reclaimed materials and support circular economy goals. Artificial intelligence (AI) also plays a crucial role in enhancing sustainable design. It can optimize building efficiency and material choices while facilitating the identification and recovery of existing materials. AI can ensure that valuable resources are not wasted and streamline recycling processes. Techniques currently available to improve material recovery include deconstruction—the careful dismantling of buildings to salvage materials, such as wood and brick. Some U. S. cities have already enacted deconstruction ordinances to promote sustainability. However, several barriers hinder the widespread adoption of sustainable practices, including outdated building codes that do not support material reuse, lack of education on circular economy principles, and ingrained industry mindsets that resist innovation. Overcoming these challenges requires stronger policies, incentives, and enhanced training to shift perceptions towards material recovery and circular design strategies.